Distinguishing Fact from Opinion: English Lesson

  

 (lenzchiofficial.blogspot.com)

    One of the most essential skills students can learn is to distinguish between fact and opinion. It serves students for a lifetime, from knowing how advertisers get them to buy products to analyzing news stories and sources. Students need to know how to differentiate between fact and opinion.  They need to find reliable sources when conducting their own research.

Defining Fact and Opinion

Simple definitions can be used to help students differentiate between fact and opinion.

•  A fact is a statement based on information or details that can be proven. It can be based on real occurrences which can be tested through verifiability.
• A fact is a reality that is agreed upon by a group of people.
• Pieces of evidence can be used to prove that something has actually taken place or is known to have existed. 
• They can be measured, observed, and proven or they are supported by evidence.           

Examples: 

1.  The Philippines is composed of three major island groups known as Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. 
2. There are three stars and a sun on the Philippine flag.
3. People wear facemasks and face shields to protect themselves from COVID-19. 

• An opinion is an expression that is based on a person’s personal feelings, emotions, and perceptions. It is what a person thinks about someone.        

Examples: 

1. Coke tastes better than any other soda. 
2. Orange juice is a better source of vitamins than pineapple juice. 

Direction:

Write F if the statement states a fact and O if it tells an opinion. 

 _____1. Sampaguita is more fragrant than the rose. 

 _____2. The Christmas season is the most exciting celebration in the Philippines. 

 _____3. There are 24 hours a day. 

 _____4. There are 12 months in a year. 

 _____5. Listening to music can help me with my studies. 

 _____6. Céline  Dion is the best singer in the world.

 _____7. CALABARZON is composed of five provinces.

 _____8. Sinigang is considered the best Filipino dish. 

 _____9. Pet dogs are better than cats. 

 _____10. English is easier than Math.

Pagtaas at Pagbaba ng Tono- Music Lesson

     

Ang melodiya ay ang sunud-sunod na pahalang na pagkakaayos ng mga nota sa limguhit. Tinutukoy din nito ang tono o himig ng isang tugtugin o awitin. Ito ay maingat at maayos na ginawa upang makapagbigay ng kaaya-aya at magandang tunog.

     Ang melodiya ay binubuo ng mataas at mababang tono o pitch. Mayroon ding katamtamang taas at katamtamang baba ng tono. 

    Ang pamaraang Kodaly na ipinakilala ni Zoltan Kodaly ng Hungaria ay makatutulong upang lubusan mong makita ang antas ng mga tunog gamit ang senyas Kodaly. Tingnan ang senyas Kodaly sa ibaba. Ito ay nagpapakita ng pagtaas at pagbaba ng tono.

 

Sagutin: 

A. Gámit ang larawan sa ibaba, isulat sa iyong sagutang papel ang sagot sa sumusunod na tanong. 

1. Ano ang nota na mas mababa ang tono kaysa Re? 

2. Ano ang kasunod sa notang MI na mas mataas ang tono sa kaniya? 

3. Ang notang Ti ay mas mataas sa notang La. Tama o mali?

4. Ano ang nota na mas mababa sa MI pero mas mataas sa Do?

5. Ang So ay mas mataas sa Fa. Tama o mali? 

B. Isulat ang MT kung ang nota ay mataas, MM kung mas mataas, MB kung mababa, o MA kung mas mababa. Isulat ang iyong sagot sa kuwaderno.

Halimbawa:  

Physical Fitness - Physical Education Lesson

 

Physical Education Lesson

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES -Refer to bodily movement through exercise, sports, labor, and leisure activity It may help in improving one’s health as they help reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. 

Read the statements. Check (/) the box if the statement is applicable to you. 

___1. I walk for at least fifteen minutes or more every day. 

___2. I spend more time watching television than playing physical games outside. 

___3. I eat fruits and vegetables. And drink plenty of water. 

___4. I exercise almost every day. 

___5. I Love playing a sport or physical games. 

___6. I am a physically active child

The Physical Activity Pyramid Guide

What are the different activities shown in the pyramid guide? 

Which activities should we cut down? Why? 

What activities should be done 2-3 times a week? 3-5 times a week?  Everyday activities?

DIRECTION: Use the Physical Activity Pyramid Guide. Shade a square for every physical activity that you did for t least ten minutes. 

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A QUICK GUIDE

  

 Do you know that rheumatoid arthritis can shorten your lifespan by up to ten years?

Do you know that rheumatoid arthritis can shorten your lifespan by up to ten years? It’s about time that you become informed of its symptoms, management, and prevention as early as now.

Not many people know that rheumatoid arthritis affects people of all ages, and it does wreak

 havoc not just on your bones but also on other body organs such as your heart, blood vessels, and lungs. This is an autoimmune process that affects your whole body. This is what sets it apart from osteoarthritis, a disease concentrated on the bone.

Are you suffering from rheumatoid arthritis? If so, this article would help you increase your up-to-date information on rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Rheumatoid Arthritis Facts

● RA is a common type of arthritis. That can affect the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck, jaw, feet, ankles, knees, joints, and hips.

● People between the ages between 25 and 50 are more prone to arthritis, though it may occur at any age.

● It mostly affects women three times more often than men.

● Treatment for RA involves medications, physical therapies, and patient education and support to control pain, and minimize joint damage.

 Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common connective tissue disease.

When our immune system mistakenly attacks its tissues, including the delicate membranes it encapsulates most joints. The white blood cells move into the bones. They release chemicals called cytokines which attack the lining of the joint, called the synovial membrane. Thick tissue called Pannus grows inside the joint. Over time, that tissue invades and destroys cartilage and bone inside the bone. The initial symptoms usually affect the wrists, knuckles, balls of the feet, and knees.

 Also, rheumatoid arthritis can cause fatigue and potentially lead to long-term joint deformities.

 Types of Rheumatoid arthritis

 Nowadays, research is being conducted to find ways to classify the types of rheumatoid arthritis by the actual symptoms patients experience, in addition to other factors. It will help the patient choose personalized therapy and medical treatment options. Doctors determine whether the patient has seropositive rheumatoid arthritis or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.

 Seropositive

Rheumatoid arthritis patients have the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCPs) in their blood test results.

Seronegative

Without the presence of antibodies in the blood, the patient can develop rheumatoid arthritis. The patients do not test positive for the anti-CCPs or other antibodies. It can be diagnosed still in some ways including the demonstration of clinical rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, as well as X-ray results indicating patterns of cartilage and bone deterioration.

 Rheumatoid Factor

The rheumatoid Factor is another type or classification of RA. It can appear in patients who have other disease conditions. Hence, this antibody is used to determine the presence of the autoimmune disorder that causes rheumatoid arthritis. Patients who have positive anti-CCPs results also tested positive for RA.

 Juvenile RA

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affects younger age under 17 years old. Its symptoms can be persistent.

 Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis

 The mystery that remains surrounding the direct cause of rheumatoid arthritis makes it difficult to categorize the disease. It can affect patients from a variety of backgrounds, so it is difficult to determine one specific cause. 

 What causes the autoimmune disease to develop in individual patients is still unknown. 

Environmental exposures, age, sex, family history, and lifestyle play a vital role to develop arthritis.

Symptoms and Signs

 Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may vary from person to person. It includes swelling, stiffness, and deformities of the joints, most commonly in the hands, wrists, and feet; typically, joints on both sides of the body are affected. This painful feeling of disease is due to inflammation. 

 Complications

Rheumatoid arthritis increases your risk of developing:

●   Osteoporosis. Some medications weaken the bones and make them more prone to fracture.

●  Rheumatoid nodules. These firm bumps of tissue most commonly form around pressure points, such as the elbows.

●  Dry eyes and mouth. People who have RA may experience drying of the mouth and eyes.

● Infections. The disease itself and the medications can lead to a risk of invasion of microorganisms in the body tissues.

●  Abnormal body composition. RA‐associated disease and treatment characteristics contribute to this increase in unusual body composition.

●  Carpal tunnel syndrome.  If rheumatoid arthritis affects your wrists, the inflammation can compress the nerve which runs the length of the arm and goes through a passage in the wrist.

●  Heart problems. The hardened and blocked arteries, as well as inflammatory conditions of the sac that encloses your heart increased the risk of developing heart disease.

●   Lung DISEASE. Certain drugs used in the treatment of RA can have a potentially harmful effect on the lung. It can cause acute lung inflammation.

● Lymphoma. Lymphoma is a blood cancer in the lymphatic system (a part of your immune system that helps fight off infection and disease) Chronic inflammation is the highest risk for developing lymphoma.

Diagnosis

 Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is quite a challenge. It is difficult to get an accurate diagnosis because the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are the same as other forms of arthritis.

 To confirm the doctor’s suspicions and to make an accurate diagnosis, the patient may carry out a physical examination as well as significant tests.  These includes:

●       Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

●        Rheumatoid factor (RF), to identify and measure the level of an antibody that acts against the blood component gamma globulin

●       Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), to check the presence of a particular autoantibody that is present in approximately 60-80% of people with RA.

●       Uric acid elevated level of uric acid in the blood causes inflammation and severe pain.

●       HLA tissue typing detects the presence of specific genetic markers in the blood, and can often confirm reactive arthritis.

●       Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, to measure how fast red blood cells cling together, fall, and settle.

●        C-reactive protein, a blood test that measures body-wide inflammation

●       Lyme serology detects an immune response to the infectious agent

●       Joint fluid test- An examination of the fluid may reveal uric acid crystals

 When to see a doctor?

If you are experiencing joint pain, swelling, or other symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to speak to your doctor. They will assess the appropriate treatment best for your condition, and keep your health in check.

 Prevention

 There’s no way to prevent rheumatoid arthritis. However, you have all the power to help yourself control your RA every day. Definite lifestyle changes may also help reduce your symptoms:

●       Aerobic exercise and strength training

●   Balance diet. Eating food that focuses on low-inflammatory foods, and less processed sugar and wheat

●       Quit smoking

●       Practice a balanced diet

●       Boost your vitamin D by having your daily dose of morning sunshine

●       Limit caffeine intake from coffee, teas, chocolate, and soda

  In inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, there are always good days and sick days. This condition requires vigilance. Particularly symptoms change over time. Always keep in mind there are a lot of options available to you, so if one approach does not work, another one might do.

TYPES OF ARTHRITIS

 

Have you been skipping exercise because of joint pain? 
Can you barely get out of bed in the morning?  

If so, you might have arthritis.

    Throughout your life, you‘ve probably heard about arthritis or joint pain. Joint pain is not a regular part of life. There are more than hundreds of to date identified conditions. Many sufferers found a problem in performing daily tasks and in some cases their situation keeps them from working at all.
 
Arthritis means joint inflammation or any disease that can cause joint pain. Symptoms may come and go, and the joint pain may progress or get worse over time. 
Anyone can have arthritis at any time and from any walk of life, and women have more chances of having this disease.
 
Although arthritis is widespread, is not well understood. Most types of arthritis fall into one of two categories: or inflammatory arthritis, degenerative arthritis such as osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
 
The symptoms of most types of arthritis include pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joint. People who have arthritis might not complain of inflammation in the joint, but the common complaint is pain. If untreated, arthritis can cause permanent joint changes.
 
There are different types of arthritis:
 

• Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

The word Ankylosing Spondylitis means rigid. The bones and the spine become stiff or unable to bend.  It mostly affects men more than women.
It mainly affects the spine, when the ligaments fuse. Pain and stiffness are primarily the symptoms of this disease. If diagnosed by a blood test, a relatively specific and reliable lab test is necessary.
If you have AS, you still can lead full and active lives, because the condition can be well controlled. The important thing you can do is regular exercise, which helps to keep your spine mobile and flexible.
 

• Bursitis

It happens when the bursa (fluid fields sacks that cushion your tendons, muscles, and skin)is inflamed. It is a condition that can cause pain or swelling next to a joint.  Most of the time, bursitis happens around the shoulder, elbow, hip, or knee. It can also occur around other joints in the body.  Injury and overuse are common causes of bursitis. You might even get bursitis from putting pressure on a joint for a long time.

•  Gout
  

The cause of gout is the dysfunction of the kidneys. The kidneys are supposed to clean up crystals out of the blood and fluid of the body, and if that is dysfunctional and unable to discharge the waste, those crystals stay in the blood or stay in the fluids. Those crystals circulate the body, and they get deposited in the joints.  These crystals inside joints lead to intense pain. Gout commonly affects on joints such as the foot, elbow, knee, and fingertips.  Family history, age, diet, alcohol use, and can affect your risk of developing gout.

•  Fibromyalgia

It is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder,  often referred to as an invisible illness accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues.
People living with Fibromyalgia are often victims of stiff joints, headaches, and depression. Sleeplessness and brain fog accompany the usual symptoms. The pain is not related to inflammation. Pain, fatigue, and tenderness are persistent for a long time.
Medications, cognitive behavioral therapies, and gentle exercise are the most common combination of multi-disciplinary approaches to manage and find relief from the symptoms.

•  Juvenile Arthritis

It is an autoimmune disease that affects children, usually before 16 years of age. This form is often seen initially by orthopedists, associated with iritis and blindness, and we can prevent it by early diagnosis and early management. Initial management prevents the complications of arthritis a pediatric rheumatologist.

•  Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative kind of arthritis that is usually seen in older people. The breaking down of cartilage in a joint from aging or repetitive movements. The joints most commonly affected are the hands, knees, hips, and spine. Medications and physical therapy exercises can help reduce the pain and increases muscle strength.

•  Pseudogout (CPPD)

It is a  joint disease that can cause attacks of arthritis. It happens when calcium pyrophosphate crystals build up in a joint. Crystals formed in salt instead of uric acid. These lead to an attack of joint swelling and pain in knees, ankles, and other joints.

• Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic Arthritis presents itself with scaly, patchy, plaques that can be silvery or red. Skin symptoms generally present before joint problems are detected. Arthritis may result from a combination of family, environmental, and immune factors.
The strongest underlying risk factor for psoriasis is hereditary, though sometimes it may be linked to previous infections.

• Reactive Arthritis

Reactive Arthritis is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body, meaning, it happens as a reaction to an infection. It can be anything from a bacterial infection or can be a viral virus infection. It causes fever, pain, and inflammation in the joints and also eye and skin problems. 
There is no cure for reactive arthritis. However, treatments for reactive arthritis can help reduce or relieve your symptoms.
 

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is another autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the synovial fluid in the joints, leading to stiffness, pain, and possibly deformities in the affected joints. It is one of the most known chronic inflammatory diseases.
There are many types of medication to help reduce the pain, inflammation, and long-term complications of RA. Some help to reduce flares and limit the damage that RA does to your joints. The doctor will determine the best types of treatments for you.
  
    Coping with joint pain can be the hardest part of living with arthritis. You may want or need to make some changes in your life.
 
    Remember that arthritis is a chronic condition, which means it does not go away, and will likely require lengthy treatment. Being diagnosed with arthritis does not mean you can't live a happy and healthy life.
 
    A step toward controlling it is getting an early diagnosis and starting treatment as soon as possible. Learning about the illness and its treatment options, making time for physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight is very important. You have to get moving and stay positive.

YOGA FOR ARTHRITIS

 

      Yoga is receiving a great deal of attention recently. Some famous faces are real yoga converts and have made it a part of their daily routine.

    Kate Hudson, Justin Timberlake, Lady Gaga, Madonna, Robert Downey Jr, Beyonce, Tom Hanks, and many more. We never knew these celebs were such die-hard yogis.

    Some arthritis patients also turn to yoga. Having arthritis does not prevent individuals from trying these alternatives to traditional exercise. However, for many people, yoga may bring to mind the poses requiring considerable strength and balance.

What is yoga?

    Yoga is from a Sanskrit word meaning “to yoke” or “to unite.” It originated in India. Yoga focuses on unifying the mind, body, and spirit, and fostering a greater feeling of connection between the individual and his/her surroundings.

Yoga has spiritual roots, with the primary goal of helping individuals to realize true happiness, freedom, or enlightenment. Beyond this, however, yoga has several secondary purposes, such as improving physical health and enhancing mental well-being and emotional balance.

Yoga included both seated and standing poses, as well as breathing exercises, with a focus on relaxation and meditation. Experts found that the gentle style helped ease pain and increase mobility for people with arthritis.

There are four types of yoga for those with arthritis.  Any of the categories may be a good fit for everyone. These include:

●     Iyengar

Iyengar yoga gives importance to the alignment of the body and precise movements. The utilization of props such as ropes or blocks in poses that are held for long periods and often modified is designed to cultivate strength, flexibility, stability, and awareness, and can be therapeutic for specific conditions

 ●     Bikram

Bikram yoga is hot yoga, but hotter— the sequence of postures and breathing exercises must be performed within 90 minutes in a 104-degree heated room to allow the body to stretch, detoxify, relieve stress, tone, and heal chronic pain such as arthritis, joint aches, knee injuries, back problems, and more. Bikram yoga is not advisable for patients with heart disease.

 ●     Viniyoga

Viniyoga is another type of yoga therapy. It focuses on breathing. Viniyoga is adaptable. Each movement coordinates with the breath, creating inner awareness. A person may breathe in and out, and hold postures for extended periods of time, which make it an excellent choice, especially for beginners in yoga practices.

 ●     Ashtanga

    This style of yoga incorporates aerobic movements like push-ups and lunges. It is called "power yoga." Ashtanga is suited for a person with mild arthritis and in good shape. 

    Ashtanga also is known as the “yoga of techniques,” for the reason that employs a multitude of techniques, such as postures, breathing, concentration, and meditation exercises.

     Yoga suggests simple stretches or poses. These poses of yoga for arthritis must be practiced daily. Massaging the joints with oil strengthens the bones and eases the swelling and pain in the joints.

 The easiest and most effective stretches for arthritic pain are:

• Triceps stretch

 

    The tricep stretch isolates the tricep muscle, which runs along the back of the arm, from the scapula (shoulder blade) to the ulna or forearm.

    The triceps stretch improves flexibility and range of motion. After an upper body workout routine, that includes pushing or pressing movements, it is essential to stretch the triceps to prevent soreness and tightening of the muscles.

• Eagle Pose

    Eagle Pose, named after the mythological Hindu “king of the birds,” known as Garuda or Eagle. Eagle Pose is a standing balance pose using the breath and the gaze. This posture will help calm the mind and release distractions, allowing for quiet poise and stability in the position. Eagle Pose requires strength, flexibility, and endurance of the body.

•  Knee To Chest Pose

    The Knee To Chest Pose is rarely referred to by its Sanskrit name — Apanasana. This pose is suitable for all. It is a great hip opener. Practicing knee-to-chest poses is a gentle way to restore proper flow and function to the organs of the torso. It releases excess pressure from the digestive organs, and low back, as well as the mind. It also eases anxiety.

Practice this pose in the morning and before going to bed. It is a simple way to encourage the body, mind, and spirit to remain pure and balanced throughout the day! It helps in curing gastric problems and is known to relieve knee pain.

• Pigeon Pose

    Pigeon Pose or Eka Pada Rajakapotasana gives the body a fantastic stretch. It is a useful hip opener. It is an intermediate pose and works on all the joint areas in the body. It strengthens the groin area. Pigeon pose is helpful in finding relief from sciatica and back pain as well as releasing built-up stress, trauma, fear, and anxiety.

     For beginners, it is essential to find an instructor who has experience working with people with chronic conditions like arthritis. A well-trained and experienced yoga instructor will be able to offer more individual guidance to adapt the poses to a person's needs and limitations.

      Another thing is, to be sure to consult a doctor. It is still best to tell the doctor about the condition a person may have before starting a new exercise program.

    Arthritis can take over life, making the simplest of tasks seem like a battle.  Practicing yoga therapy can get a person with arthritis back into their life. Daily yoga practice generates many benefits. Pure, gentle movements that gradually build strength, balance, and flexibility – all elements are beneficial especially to older adults.

         Try and practice yoga every day—it will give the joints a new lease on life!