TIMBRE

 

Timbre -  is the color of sound produced by the voice and different instruments. A quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another.

The human voice is a vital medium of expression. Male and female voices may be classified according to quality and range.

Classification of Voices

›  Male                    Range                                  Female

1. Tenor                     highest                             soprano
2. Baritone               middle/ medium            mezzo soprano
3. Bass                        lowest                               alto

                                                          

                                     O  R   C   H    E     S   T    R      A

The word orchestra refers to a group of musicians playing different instruments. A large orchestra needs a conductor. He guides the orchestra and directs the performance through his or her facial expression, body movements, and hands gesture.

Preparing the orchestra for performances is a tough job for a conductor. He or she reads and interprets music notations and makes decisions on how to communicate the music with the desired tempo. Volumes and articulations.

The orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble that contains four family instruments: the string section, the woodwind section, the brass section, and the percussion section

 

Classification of instruments

1. String instruments- are instruments that are plucked or bowed and are often referred to as the “ heart of the orchestra “ because of their versatility and usefulness.
   

2. Violin- the leader and the heart of the orchestra. Played by moving the bow to and fro across the string.  

   

   
   

3. Viola- a little larger than a violin. It is tuned a fifth lower than a violin. 

   

   
   

4. Harp- a stringed instrument that is played by plucking 

   
   
   

5. Double bass- largest among the stringed instruments that have the lowest pitch. 

   
   
   

6. Cello- larger than the viola. Held by a player between his/her knees and moves the bow to and fro. 

   

Woodwind instruments – produce music when musicians blow the mouthpiece 

• Piccolo- is the smallest instrument in the woodwind section. It has a range of octaves higher than a flute. 
  
  
  
• Flute- has a high range and is capable of producing fast series of tones. 
  
  
  
• Oboe – is the most dramatic woodwind musical instrument. 
  
  
  
• Clarinet- is a cylindrical instrument with a cup-shaped mouthpiece and a flaring bell at the end. 
  
  
  
• Bassoon – is called the “ clown “ of the orchestra for it has a long curving metallic mouthpiece. It is tone soft and mellow. 
  
  
  

Bass instruments are used to produce sound by means of blowing.
They are made of brass metal.

• The trumpet- is the main instrument of the brass section which has a brilliant and brassy sound.
  
  
  
• Trombone- is the only sliding instrument in the brass section that changes pitch in any key. 
  
  
  
• French Horn- is 12 feet long and sounds more mellow than the trumpet. 
  
  
  

• Tuba- is the largest in the brass section and has the lowest pitch.  
  
  
  

Percussion instruments- are played by striking the instruments with sticks or hammers while others are through shaking or rubbing like maracas.
Two classes
1. pitched
2. unpitched

 

Pitched Percussion

Timpani- known as kettle drums. It produces a thunderous effect when played continuously. 

Xylophone- it can be of different lengths of wooden bars suspended on a frame of two rows, representing the white and black keys of the piano 

Glockenspiel- known as bell-Lyra or orchestra bell. It sounds like little bells with a bright and silvery tone. 

Tubular Bells- known as chime bars. They produce a church bell sound.  

 

                                                                      Unpitched Percussion

Bass Drum-the largest of the orchestra drums. It produces an awesome booming and thundering effect. 

 

Snare drum- it produces a dry rattling and crackling sound 

cymbals- two round metals held by leather straps fastened through the holes in their central domes. They clashed together with sliding motion or were struck by a stick to make a sound.

Others are castanets, gongs, tambourines, maraca, and triangles that belong to unpitched percussion. 

 

Using the Advanced Features of Slide Presentation Tool

 

Introduction:

Multimedia presentation software is a tool that does not simply use pictures, sounds, and text but also uses the following helpful elements that will convey messages.

Multimedia presentation is an effective tool used in different fields such as business and education. It allows faster and easier grasping of ideas and concepts.

 A multimedia presentation can be easily created and edited using Microsoft PowerPoint. You can add videos, soundtracks, and animation to it. Individual video clips can be dragged and set into the presentation. Animations can also be added to a specific slide. Sound clips, videos, or even still pictures can be used to enhance the presentation.

How to Add Video Clips from File

Audio and video are great tools to make any presentation interesting and exciting. Here are the procedures.

1. Choose the slide that you want to use. Click the Insert tab from the Menu box. Then go to Media Clips.

2. Choose the Movie button. Click on the small download arrow below the Movie button. Several options will be present but simply choose Movie from a file.

3.  Find the file that you want to insert. Click on the file once to select it and click on the OK button.

4.  Answer the dialog box that will appear asking your preferred way of starting the video in the slide show. Once done, you may adjust the size.

5.  To modify the playback options of the video, click it once. You may customize the options that will appear in the menu bar at the options tab.

Taxonomy

 What is taxonomy?

       Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms

      Biologists who study this are called taxonomists.

How did it start?

      People wanted to organize their world, so they began grouping, or classifying everything they saw.

ü  Things that swim.
ü  Things that fly Things that crawl
ü  Things that walk on four legs
ü  Things that chew their food
ü  Things that swallow food whole
ü  Toxic things

Why classify?

• To help us organize all of the millions of species we discover.
• To give every species a name based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion

Who is Carolus Linnaeus?

      Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist.

      Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms.

     The 8 Taxons

What is the 8 classification of taxonomy?

 The current taxonomic system now has eight levels in its hierarchy, from lowest to highest, they are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain.

the classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.

 Dear, how does it work?

      There are 6 broad kingdoms.

      Every living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdoms.

      Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group.

Binomial Nomenclature

      Bi means two

      No means name.

      Binomial nomenclature is a classification system using two names to identify an organism.

 Scientific name

Genus-species name given to all organisms. 

      Canis familiaris is the scientific name for a domestic dog. 

      Canis is the genus name.

      familiar is the species name.

      This system uses a binomial nomenclature.

 Genus…

      A genus consists of a group of closely related species

      Other animals in the Canis group include wolves and coyotes.

      The genus name is always Capitalized.

Species...

      A species consists of animals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

 Only domestic dogs are known as lupus.      

The species name is always lowercase.

  Which organisms are most closely related?

Which organisms are most closely related?